Specific heat capacity, commonly called specific heat, is the amount of heat required to change a mass of a substance by a certain temperature. It is usually measured by the number of Joules(energy) required to raise the temperature of a gram of material by one degree Kelvin (or Celsius).
Note to mention, The relationship does not apply if a phase change is encountered, because the heat added or removed during a phase change does not change the temperature.
Which species have highest numerical value of specific heat, is a question with conditional answer as specific heat depends of various factor like of a real (non-ideal) species depends upon various factors like temperature, phase, either it is measure isobaric or at constant volume.
Following are some species registering greatest numerical value of heat capacity
| Ammonia ( | liquid ) - | 4.700 Jule/gram-Kelvin or KiloJule/Kilogram-Kelvin |
Tops the list for liquids at 1 atmospheric pressure and 25°C
[Whereas Lithium comes into play when it is in liquid state at temperature 181°C having specific heat value about 4.379 Jule/gram-Kelvin or KiloJule/Kilogram-Kelvin]
Moving to gaseous state, First two elements from periodic table are top rankers at 25°C, 1 atmospheric pressure.
Hydrogen - 14.30 Jule/gram-Kelvin or KiloJule/Kilogram-Kelvin
Helium -5.193 Jule/gram-Kelvin or KiloJule/Kilogram-Kelvin
Quick Fact - Heating a gram of water one degree Celsius requires 4.183 Jule of energy. However this amount of energy heats a gram of gold about 30 degrees Celsius.
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